Observe

Light pollution is the introduction of artificial light into the outdoor environment. Its impacts are many. Light pollution disrupts natural diurnal patterns of light and dark and the rhythms of life to which plants, animals, and humans have adapted, interrupting circadian sleep cycles, interfering with normal plant growth and disturbing the habitat of nocturnal wildlife. Light pollution interferes with the ability to view and observe the the night sky, stars, and planets. It causes light trespass, which is the nuisance spillage of light from one property onto another, risking the conflict between neighbors. It can cause safety hazards, such as glare and temporary blindness, for drivers. Light pollution wastes energy, causing associated adverse environmental and economic impacts. Night lighting for surveillance can actually increase security risks. Although exterior lighting can create a perception of safety, research has shown that night lighting m...

Architecture and urban planning started to give up the traditional styles and start to create a further form in constructions at the beginning of the 20th century. After industrialization, the building was made more affordable and stronger by using new technology. The new technique created an opportunity for the designer to construct wider spaces and taller buildings. Also, by using new technology, mass production of materials became easier and more inexpensive. In addition, the new methods increased the speed of the construction process. On the other hand, as experience that the introduction of the modern period organized fast urbanization and construction in cities. Therefore, more homogenized cities and continuity structure appeared and the cultural, traditional and vernacular architecture was disappeared in designing. Because the architecture only accepted the modern style in their design and abandon the traditional styles without any consideration. It was the time to face m...

Architecture has the same basic principles which are common to painting, sculpture, music, and literature. It deals with unity, balance, rhythm, and composition. It is organized around a central plot, as in a novel. It can be rhythmic as the dance. A painting has a contrast of color, and a fine piece of sculpture has the beauty of form and line. Good architecture attains pleasing composition through the relation of contrasting masses and tones. It is difficult to isolate a single quality and consider it alone. A synthesis of all the principles is necessary in order to ensure a unified and satisfactory composition, but for the sake of study, it will be necessary to analyze separately these qualities and their application to architectural problems. The mere recognition of these principles does not, however, ensure a successful design. An individual may be a good critic but still be unable to write a poem, paint a landscape, or design a building. Creative ability, in addition to ...

Very young children prefer strong colors, but when they grow older, their taste becomes more sophisticated and subtle. In most contemporary schools almost anything that can be colored is treated in a bright and brilliant way. Corridor walls, for instance, are sometimes yellow; rooms facing cool north light are given warm tones, and those facing warm south light is given cool tones. The front wall of each of the classroom is often painted darker than the other walls of the room. Every effort should be made to select a color that will be of approximately the same value as the color of the chalkboard so as to minimize eye fatigue. If colors are pastels. bright accents are employed for furniture and accessories- say bright blue, yellow, red, or blue-green. Doors and trim are usually darker than the walls in which. they are located, and painted doors can be given variation and additional interest by the use of various colors. However, while a stimulating at...

The most important kind of character in architecture is that which results from the purpose of the building or structure. The use of a structure naturally calls for a certain disposition of parts and this arrangement affects the appearance of the exterior, by which we largely judge character. Examples: a. Museum -must has galleries with ample wall space and top light, which eliminates  windows and necessitates the use of skylights. b. A school building - must contain many windows to admit the necessary side light  and to offer an interesting contrast with the possible monotony of the classroom  walls. c. Shop - a structure with large show windows is usually a shop for the display and  sale of merchandise. d. Factory - readily seen from the exterior to express the efficient operation of the manufacturing within. The exterior shows often only the structural members  which are stripped of all unnecessary decoration together with th...

Various colors have a strong emotional effect on people. It reflects the spirit of the people who create it Color is definitely related to the lives of the individuals and the material things with which they are associated. RED - tends to produce rage or passion; it is exciting and stimulates the brain. It has an aggressive quality and is frequently associated with violence and excitement. (medium red) suggests health and vitality (bright red) often has amorous connotations. YELLOW -  It is the most luminous color. Yellow also demands attention, and  so, it is used in dangerous locations, such as the edge of a subway platform  to mark the hazard, while red used to be the color for firetrucks,  yellow is now preferred. ORANGE - has a stimulating effect and should usually be used in relatively small amounts. The occupant of an orange office, for instance, will become ill at ease after a short time and will leave it at every opportunity. ...